PLANT TREES
Plant native flowering trees and shrubs especially late or very early bloomers:
American Linden/ Basswood (Tilia americana ) tree
Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) tree
Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) tree
Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) tree
America Witch-Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) tree
Sumac Staghorn (Rhus typhina) tree
Sumac Winged (Rhus copallinum) tree
Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra) tree
Button Brush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) shrub
Devils Walking Stick (Aralia spinosa) shrub
Summersweet or Pepperbrush (Clethra alnifolia) shrub
New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus) shrub
Coralberry (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus)
Shrubby St. John’s Wort (Hypericum prolificum)
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EARLY OR LATE BLOOMING NATIVES
Plant native flowering plants especially those that bloom in mid/late summer through fall or very early spring
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dandelions (are very early nectar and pollen source)
Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum)
Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
Clustered mountain mint (Pycnanthemum muticum)
Late Boneset (Eupatorium serotinum)
and other late season plants like these: (PDF)
"BEE LAWNS"
"While flowering lawn weeds such as dandelions and creeping charlie are often seen as a nuisance, they can actually have benefits to lawns in addition to bees. They may be better adapted than turfgrasses to difficult site conditions such as compacted soil, drought, flooding, shade, and low nutrient availability." - University of Minnesota BeeLab tool Kit PDF
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Recommended Species by UMN BeeLab:
Dutch White Clover -Trifolium repens
Self-Heal -Prunella vulgaris
Creeping Thyme- Thymus serpyllum
Ground Plum -Astragalus crassicarpus
Species already in your lawn you should continue to cultivate:
Violets- Viola odorata
Dandelion - Taraxacum officinale
Creeping Charlie "Ground ivy"- Glechoma hederacea
Dead Nettle- Lamium
Clovers- Trifolium
PATIO AND SMALL SPACE GARDENS
Try to steer clear of "doubled" varieties that make it difficult for bees to access the nectar and pollen
Annuals:
Sunflowers
Zinnias
Cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus)
Sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima )
Ageratums
Calendulas
Phlox
Herbs of all kinds
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Perennials:​
Mints and herbs of all kinds
Alliums
Sedums
Catmints (Nepeta)
Salvias (countless varieties, some are annual but most are perennial)
Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Native Phlox (Phlox spp.)
Stinging Nettles (Urtica dioica)
Asters (Aster spp.)
Asclepias tuberosa (Butterflyweed)
Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)
Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis)
Bee Balm (Monarda didyma)
Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum)
Verbena (Verbena officinalis)
​Dicentra eximia (Wild Bleeding Heart)
Geranium maculatum (Wild Geranium)
Geum triflorum (Prairie Smoke)
Penstemon hirsutus (Hairy Beardtongue)
Phlox subulata (Moss phlox)
Zizia aptera (Golden Alexanders)
Eutrochium dubium “Bably Joe’ (dwarf cultivar of Joe Pyeweed)
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint)
Scutellaria incanum (Downy Skullcap)
​Aster novae-angliae ‘Purple Dome’ (dwarf selection of New England Aster)
Boltonia asteroides ‘Jim Crocket’ (dwarf selection of false aster)
Eurybia divaricata (White Wood Aster)
Helianthus salicifolius ‘Low Down’ (dwarf selection of Willowleaf Sunflower)
Helenium flexuosum ‘Tiny Dancer’ (dwarf selection of Purplehead Sneezeweed)
Solidago sphacelata ‘Golden Fleece’ (selection of Short-Pappus Goldenrod)
COVER CROPS
And Large Scale Planting
Cover crops:
Clovers (scarlet, white, sweet etc)
Buckwheat
Mustards
Sunflowers
Resources :​
Green Cover Seed https://greencoverseed.com/
Ernst Seed: https://www.ernstseed.com/ (based in PA)
Maryland Department of Natural Resources http://nursery.dnr.maryland.gov/ - trees and shrubs
Million Acre Challenge- https://millionacrechallenge.org/
North East Cover Crop Decision Tool helps decide which cover crops to plant for any season or purpose